d distilled water  (GE Healthcare)

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Xiaoyaosan Exerts Antidepressant-Like Effect by Regulating Autophagy Involves the Expression of GLUT4 in the Mice Hypothalamic Neurons

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.873646

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of CUMS, Xiaoyaosan, and fluoxetine on the weekly body weight gain and daily food intake of the mice. (A) Weekly body weight (F (3, 44) = 20.310, p < 0.0001, n = 12) (B) Weekly food intake (F (3, 20) = 7.885, p = 0.0092, n = 12). The values shown represent the mean ± SEM. ∗ p < 0.05 or ∗∗ p < 0.01 compared with the control group.

Article Snippet: Fluoxetine hydrochloride tablets (20 mg/tablet) were obtained from Patheon France (packaged by Lilly Suzhou Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China), and the fluoxetine group was given fluoxetine dissolved in distilled water at a dose of 2.6 mg/kg/d and 0.1 ml/kg body weight via gavage every day.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Xiaoyaosan Exerts Antidepressant-Like Effect by Regulating Autophagy Involves the Expression of GLUT4 in the Mice Hypothalamic Neurons

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.873646

Figure Lengend Snippet: Xiaoyaosan promote hypothalamic autophagy in CUMS-induced mice. (A) Transmission electron microscope showed the situation of autophagosomes and mitochondria in the hypothalamus of the mice (scale bar = 1 µm). Mitochondria were disrupted in CMS group (the red arrow). Autophagosomes were observed in control, Xiaoyaosan and fluoxetine group (yellow arrows). (B) The number of autophagosomes in the hypothalamus of the mice (F (3, 8) = 13.383, p = 0.0017, n = 1). (C) Representative western blotting of LC3 and p62 expressions. (D) Quantitative analysis of protein levels of LC3(F (3, 16) = 4.904, p = 0.0133, n = 5). (E) Quantitative analysis of protein levels of p62(F (3, 16) = 5.931, p = 0.0064, n = 5). (F) The expression of LC3 mRNA (F (3, 12) = 7.326, p = 0.0047, n = 4). (G) The expression of p62 mRNA (F (3, 12) = 5.160, p = 0.0161, n = 4). The values represent the mean ± SEM. ∗ p < 0.05 or ∗∗ p < 0.01 compared with the control group. # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 compared with the CUMS group. & p < 0.05, & p < 0.01 compared with the CUMS group.

Article Snippet: Fluoxetine hydrochloride tablets (20 mg/tablet) were obtained from Patheon France (packaged by Lilly Suzhou Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China), and the fluoxetine group was given fluoxetine dissolved in distilled water at a dose of 2.6 mg/kg/d and 0.1 ml/kg body weight via gavage every day.

Techniques: Transmission Assay, Microscopy, Control, Western Blot, Expressing